Philosophy dictionary. Academic. 2011.
Fallacy — In logic and rhetoric, a fallacy is usually incorrect argumentation in reasoning resulting in a misconception or presumption. By accident or design, fallacies may exploit emotional triggers in the listener or interlocutor (appeal to emotion), or… … Wikipedia
fallacy — Any error of reasoning. Reasoning may fail in many ways, and a great variety of fallacies have been distinguished and named. The main division is into formal fallacies in which something purports to be deductively valid reasoning but is not, and… … Philosophy dictionary
Fallacy of four terms — The fallacy of four terms (Latin: quaternio terminorum ) is the logical fallacy that occurs when a categorical syllogism has four terms.Valid categorical syllogisms always have three terms::Major premise: All fish have fins.:Minor premise: All… … Wikipedia
Naturalistic fallacy — The naturalistic fallacy is often claimed to be a formal fallacy. It was described and named by British philosopher G. E. Moore in his 1903 book Principia Ethica. Moore stated that a naturalistic fallacy is committed whenever a philosopher… … Wikipedia
Deductive fallacy — A deductive fallacy is defined as a deductive argument that is invalid. The argument itself could have true premises, but still have a false conclusion.[1] Thus, a deductive fallacy is a fallacy where deduction goes wrong, and is no longer a… … Wikipedia
Masked man fallacy — The masked man fallacy is a fallacy of formal logic in which substitution of identical designators[clarification needed] in a true statement can lead to a false one. One form of the fallacy may be summarized as follows: Premise 1: I know who X is … Wikipedia
Gambler's fallacy — The Gambler s fallacy, also known as the Monte Carlo fallacy (because its most famous example happened in a Monte Carlo Casino in 1913)[1], and also referred to as the fallacy of the maturity of chances, is the belief that if deviations from… … Wikipedia
"Human genetic diversity: Lewontin's fallacy" (scientific paper) — Infobox Multi Locus Allele Clusters In a haploid population, when a single locus is considered (blue), with two alleles, + and … Wikipedia
Tinbergen's four questions — When asked questions of animal and human behavior such as why these creatures see, even elementary school children can answer that vision helps them find food and avoid danger. Biologists have three additional explanations: A particular series of … Wikipedia
List of fallacies — For specific popular misconceptions, see List of common misconceptions. A fallacy is incorrect argumentation in logic and rhetoric resulting in a lack of validity, or more generally, a lack of soundness. Contents 1 Formal fallacies 1.1… … Wikipedia
